This method focuses on reducing waste generation at the source through practices such as product redesign, material substitution, and promoting sustainable consumption habits. By minimizing waste production, this approach helps conserve resources and reduce environmental burdens.

Recycling involves transforming waste materials into new products or raw materials through processes like sorting, shredding, melting, and manufacturing. Resource recovery efforts aim to recover valuable materials, energy, or resources from waste streams, reducing the need for virgin resources and lowering environmental impacts.

Composting is a biological process that converts organic waste, such as food scraps, yard trimmings, and agricultural residues, into nutrient-rich compost. This method not only diverts organic waste from landfills but also produces a valuable soil amendment for agriculture and landscaping.